The fresh gonostyli are highlighted in the reddish, and certainly will become explicitly noticed in newly mated queens
The fresh gonostyli are highlighted in the reddish, and certainly will become explicitly noticed in newly mated queens
Women genitalia out of M. fasciculata and methods getting mating connect coupling. (A) Virgin females genitalia when you look at the front have a look at. (B) Men genitalia of pre-copula male, addressing the female genitalia. (C–E) Vaginal tablet, metasomal sterna S-VIII and you will S-IX. (F) Men genitalia starting the fresh coupling of your connect: ventral view of vaginal product and you may metasomal sternum S-IX projecting from the system of the men because of the a beneficial telescopic way. (G) Men vaginal medicine detached regarding male's human body, that have manhood regulators brought about, gonostyli against the opposite status about the original. (H) Metasomal sterna S-VIII and you may S-IX, where sternum S-IX takes on its brand-new standing when you look at the male's abdomen. (I) Mating connect in more detail, proving the new lateral compression from gonocoxites. (J) New vaginal chamber off good blocked lady: the fresh new membranous region who has the brand new mating connect connected.
In the low-Melipona varieties (F
longipes, S. aff. Postica, and you can P. minima), we observed robust manhood valves with intermediary curve and you may a lowered spatha ( Profile step 1)paring the general morphology off cock valves and you can spatha off Meters. fasciculata to the other examined types, i discovered that each other Yards. flavolineata and you may Yards. seminigra features narrow manhood valves which have lowest curvature. Yet not, Yards. seminigra has actually less valves than just Meters. flavolineata, and you can a more developed spatha when compared with the other Melipona ( Figure 1).
Description out-of hypothesized plugging tips
The final position out-of mating plugs in to the mated females paired new standing of the male's abdomen throughout the copulation due to “J” way and you can placement significantly less than woman's instinct ( Contour 4C). In all physogastric queens out of Yards. fasciculata, i noticed the latest mating plug attached to the membranous vaginal purse because of the knob valves, to your spatha epidermis based to the the female ventral section, placed directly under the new gonopore ( Shape 3J). I propose that the newest mating connect process are brought about if the male vaginal tablet was irreversibly protruded regarding male's human body, which leads to altered positions of your gonostyli, knob regulators, and you may gonocoxites.
The mating set of Meters. fasciculata, according to a video number out-of mating out of a connected varieties. All the way through: (A) men in flight, seeking condition itself across the people; (B) organized men, proving sets out of base fitting over the woman's system; (C) men improving the abdomen of your ladies; (D) male leaving the female after effective mating, that is, the brand new mating connect attachment. Throughout parts, men wings is represented in order to represent their path during the mating, according to Secondary Video S1 .
The newest mating set of Yards. fasciculata, based on videos listing off mating from a related types. All the way through: (A) men in-flight, seeking to status itself along side ladies; (B) organized male, exhibiting sets out of base fitting along the female's human anatomy; (C) male increasing the abdomen of your own ladies; (D) men leaving the female just after profitable mating, that's, the mating plug accessory. Throughout pieces, male wings try illustrated to represent their path during mating, predicated on Secondary Video S1 .
In line with the review anywhere between sleeping condition regarding genital products and you may brought about county away from mating plugs, the practical morphology, and also in video clips facts towards the mating conclusion out-of a closely relevant types ( Secondary Video S1 ), i recommend that leading to out-of mating connect takes place in 5 hypothetical methods ( Numbers step 3 and you may cuatro):
Immediately after immobilizing the female human anatomy, the male inserts his metasomal sternum S-VIII according to the females tergum T-VI, training they ( Shape 4C).
As the women genital chamber is open ( Contour 3A), the male gonostyli meets the fresh female's vaginal area. Once placement the latest sternum S-VIII, the male metasomal sternum S-IX protrudes outside of the male's human anatomy towards the the new woman's genital chamber in addition to the vaginal pill, because of the a good telescopic path ( Figure 3F). The newest insertion off men genital pill for the female genital chamber isn’t followed closely by the fresh new gonostyli, and that flow backwards from inside the procedure, remaining beyond your girls genital chamber ( Contour 3G).